Horses, Chariots, Highways, and Trade
The Book of Mormon mentions horses and chariots. Anthropologist state that North American horses went extinct around 11000 BC. Horse bones dating to 7000 BC were found later. To know exactly when each horse, elephant, and cow went extinct has to be an unsure science.
Even if the wild horses of North America went extinct according the Book of Mormon enough survived that domesticated horses were used by the Nephites. Interestingly though, once again it is believed that the Clovis people (who I believe are the same Nephite/Lamanite peoples mentioned in the Book of Mormon) caused the extinction of North American wild horses.
The Hopewell/Nephites had advanced highway trade. The Great Hopewell Road a road made by the Hopewell is 60 miles long from Newark to Chillicothe. Hopewell trade stretched to the Rocky Mountains to the Gulf of Mexico. This is known because obsidian Hopewell artifacts in plentiful supply are from the Rocky Mountains from New Mexico to Montana. It might have also stretched to Central and South America. Jaguar teeth and slanted eye figurines more common to central and South America by the Mayans were found at the Mann Hopewell site in Indiana.
The questions becomes: did the Hopewell travel thousands miles to the Gulf Coast and to the Rocky Mountains and beyond carrying supplies and commodities by hand and foot? I would contend it was by horse and chariot. It seems implausible that their extensive and advanced trade system could be maintained without horse and chariot.
Just like Nephi brought over metallurgy, breastplates, swords, coins, and cloth technology, why not also the use of horses and chariots?
It is a known fact that man had interaction with horses. Pre-Columbian Clovis spear points were found in Colorado that had horse protein on the spear point.
http://www.academicroom.com/article/identification-horse-exploitation-clovis-hunters-based-protein-analysis
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clovis_spear_points
(In reference to a petroglyph found in Massachusetts)
“In another scene, there is a vessel, with its masts, flags, and long rudder, as in the oriental vessels at this day. There is the figure of a horse, which is the well-known symbol of Carthage.”
(Haywood 1823 pg. 329)
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